China's Vision for a Multipolar World: SCO 25th Anniversary Speech Analysis

On September 1, 2026, Chinese President Xi Jinping delivered a landmark speech at the "Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)+" meeting in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, marking the 25th anniversary of the organization. The address, titled "Jointly Advocating an Equal and Orderly Multipolar World and Achieving Fairer and More Reasonable Global Governance," comes at a time when the global order is under strain from rising unilateralism and protectionism. Xi's remarks offer a clear vision of how China believes the world should be governed—one that prioritizes the Global South and multilateralism. This speech is not just a diplomatic formality; it is a strategic articulation of China's role in shaping the future of international relations.

Key Takeaways

• Emphasis on Equal and Orderly Multipolarity: Xi stressed that the world is moving toward multipolarity, but it must be "equal and orderly." He rejected the idea of a few powers dominating global affairs, advocating instead for a system where all nations—regardless of size—have equal rights and opportunities. This is a direct challenge to the US-led liberal order and a nod to the aspirations of the Global South.

• Global South as a Key Force: The speech highlighted the "remarkable growth" of the Global South, which is reshaping the international balance of power. Xi called for enhancing the representation and voice of Global South countries in international institutions, positioning the SCO as a platform for this bloc to assert itself.

• Rejection of Hegemony and Double Standards: Xi criticized "hegemonism, unilateralism, and protectionism," and called for abandoning "double standards, exceptionalism, interference, bullying, and the law of the jungle." He urged major powers to lead by example in upholding international law and cooperation.

• Multilateralism and Dialogue as the Path: The Chinese president emphasized that true multilateralism means that "world affairs should be handled through consultation among all countries." He called for revitalizing the UN and making regional multilateral mechanisms more coordinated and efficient.

• Development and Openness: Xi warned that protectionism and decoupling have no future. He advocated for focusing on development, bridging the digital and intelligence gap, and ensuring that technological revolutions benefit all peoples.

• SCO's Role in Eurasia: He proposed using "SCO strength" to drive prosperity in Eurasia, particularly through high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, linking multiple growth poles across the continent.

SCO as a Pillar for Global Governance Reform: Xi urged the SCO to lead by example in reforming global governance, adhering to the principles of "partnership rather than alliance, dialogue rather than confrontation," and promoting equal participation and shared benefits.

In-Depth Analysis

Xi's speech is a masterclass in diplomatic framing. By positioning the SCO as a champion of the Global South, China is seeking to consolidate its leadership among developing nations and counter the narrative of a US-led, rules-based order. The emphasis on "equal and orderly" multipolarity is a subtle but significant shift from previous formulations, suggesting that China is not merely accepting multipolarity as inevitable, but actively shaping its norms. The term "orderly" implies a managed transition, one that avoids the chaos of unchecked competition. This reflects China's growing confidence in its ability to influence global governance structures.

The speech also serves a domestic purpose, reinforcing Xi's image as a global statesman who stands up to Western hegemony. For international audiences, especially in the Global South, it offers an alternative vision to the often-perceived exclusivity of Western institutions. The SCO, with its growing membership including Iran and Belarus, is becoming a counterweight to NATO and other Western alliances. However, challenges remain: the SCO's effectiveness is often hampered by the divergent interests of its members, particularly China and Russia. While Xi's rhetoric is aspirational, the practical implementation of such a vision will require overcoming significant geopolitical hurdles. The coming years will test whether the SCO can translate this rhetoric into concrete action on issues like security, trade, and technology.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of the "SCO+" format? The "SCO+" format includes not only member states but also observer states and dialogue partners, expanding the organization's reach. This allows the SCO to engage with a broader range of countries, including those from the Middle East and South Asia, strengthening its role as a platform for South-South cooperation.

How does this speech reflect China's broader foreign policy? It aligns with China's long-standing push for a "community with a shared future for mankind" and its advocacy for a multipolar world. The speech reinforces China's position as a leader of the Global South and its commitment to reforming global governance institutions like the UN and the IMF, which China believes are outdated and underrepresent developing nations.

What are the potential implications for the West? Xi's call for an "equal and orderly" multipolar world is a direct challenge to Western dominance. It could lead to increased competition over the rules of international order, with the SCO offering an alternative platform for countries that feel marginalized. The West may need to adapt to a more multipolar reality, where institutions like the SCO gain influence.

Source: https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_33983512